B. Cellular pathology

• organelle transport
  16 October 2003

  organelle trafficking, organelle dynamics, organelle movement

• organelles
  16 October 2003

  cellular organelle, subcellular organelle, organite WKPD
  Definition: In cell biology, an organelle /ɔːrɡəˈnɛl/ is a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function. Individual organelles are usually separately enclosed within their own lipid bilayers.
  Types
  endoplasmic reticulum
  Golgi apparatus
  mitochondria
  peroxysomes
  lysosomes
  Intercellular membrane transport
  Intracellular organelle transport is essential for morphogenesis and functioning of the cell. (...)

• cellular trafficking
  16 October 2003

  Types
  vesicular trafficking
  Pathology
  anomalies of vesicular trafficking, anomalies of endosomal trafficking Griscelli disease
  anomalies of cellular trafficking hereditary spastic paraplegia
  References
  Stein M, Wandinger-Ness A, Roitbak T. Altered trafficking and epithelial cell polarity in disease. Trends Cell Biol. 2002 Aug;12(8):374-81. PMID: #12191914#
  Karcher RL, Deacon SW, Gelfand VI. Motor-cargo interactions: the key to transport specificity. Trends Cell Biol. 2002 (...)

• telomere maintenance
  29 September 2003

  Two types of telomere maintenance mechanisms (TMMs) have been described in human tumors: telomerase activation and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT).
  The vast majority of epithelial tumors rely on telomerase activation. Many mesenchymal tumors rely also on ALT for telomere maintenance.
  Telomeres
  Telomeres, which define the ends of chromosomes, consist of short, tandemly repeated DNA sequences loosely conserved in eukaryotes. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex ( we only (...)

• chromosomal aberrations
  29 September 2003

  chromosomal rearrangements, chromosome aberrations

• cell-cycle checkpoints
  26 September 2003

  DNA integrity checkpoints, DNA damage checkpoints, cellular cycle checkpoints, Cell Cycle Checkpoints

• lysosomes
  24 September 2003

  Adj. lysosomal

• microtubules
  17 September 2003

  Definition: Microtubules is a cytoskeletal component composed of filamentous polymers of tubulin. Microtubules are involved in many cellular functions including axonal transport, structural integrity and motility.
  Microtubules are essential and ubiquitous elements of the cytoskeleton. Their filamentous arrays contribute to an impressive diversity of biologic functions that include cell division, intracellular transport, and the maintenance of cellular architecture. The subunit from which (...)

• tight junctions
  17 September 2003

  Definition: Mucosal surfaces are lined by epithelial cells that form a physical barrier protecting the body against external noxious substances and pathogens. At a molecular level, the mucosal barrier is regulated by tight junctions (TJs) that seal the paracellular space between adjacent epithelial cells.
  Tight junctions are intercellular junctions adjacent to the apical end of the lateral membrane surface. They have two functions, the barrier (or gate) function and the fence function. (...)

• endocytosis
  16 September 2003

  endocytic pathway, endocytic trafficking

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