protease

Types

Proteases are currently[update] classified into six broad groups:

 serine proteases
 cysteine proteases
 aspartate proteases
 threonine proteases
 metalloproteases
 glutamic acid proteases

By optimal pH

Alternatively, proteases may be classified by the optimal pH in which they are active:
 acid proteases
 basic proteases (or alkaline proteases)
 neutral proteases

• involved in type 1 hypersensitivity
• released by mast cells, it causes activation of complement and kinins.
• This group includes the calpains.

Pathology of proteases

 Pathology of serine proteases

• SPINK5 deficiency (Netherton disease)

 Pathology of cysteine proteases

• Pathology of calpains

 Pathology of aspartic proteases

• presenilins

Proteases in cancer

Proteases have long been associated with cancer progression because of their ability to degrade extracellular matrices, which facilitates invasion and metastasis.

 extracellular proteolytic system

• hemophilia B (serine protease coagulation factor IX)
• serpinophathies
• alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (MIM.107400)
• hereditary angioedema (MIM.106100) (mutations in the serpin C1 inhibitor)

See also

 extracellular proteases
 intramembrane-cleaving proteases
 protease inhibitors

References

 López-Otín C, Matrisian LM. Emerging roles of proteases in tumour suppression. Nat Rev Cancer. 2007 Oct;7(10):800-8. PMID: 17851543

 Mohammed FF, Khokha R. Thinking outside the cell: proteases regulate hepatocyte division. Trends Cell Biol. 2005 Oct;15(10):555-63. PMID: 16150595

 DeClerck YA, Mercurio AM, Stack MS, Chapman HA, Zutter MM, Muschel RJ, Raz A, Matrisian LM, Sloane BF, Noel A, Hendrix MJ, Coussens L, Padarathsingh M. Proteases, extracellular matrix, and cancer: a workshop of the path B study section. Am J Pathol. 2004 Apr;164(4):1131-9. PMID: 15039201

 Molinari F, Meskanaite V, Munnich A, Sonderegger P, Colleaux L. Extracellular proteases and their inhibitors in genetic diseases of the central nervous system. Hum Mol Genet. 2003 Oct 15;12 Spec No 2:R195-200. Epub 2003 Aug 12. PMID: 12925575

 Puente XS, Sanchez LM, Overall CM, Lopez-Otin C. Human and mouse proteases: a comparative genomic approach. Nat Rev Genet. 2003 Jul;4(7):544-58. PMID: 12838346

 Rao JS. Molecular mechanisms of glioma invasiveness: the role of proteases. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003 Jul;3(7):489-501. PMID: 12835669

 Molinari F, Meskanaite V, Munnich A, Sonderegger P, Colleaux L. Extracellular proteases and their inhibitors in genetic diseases of the central nervous system.
Hum Mol Genet. 2003 Oct 15;12 Spec No 2:R195-200. PMID: 12925575