Synopsis
complications
- peripancreatic free fluid collections
- extrapancreatic spread of acute pancreatitis
- infected or noninfected pseudocysts
- pancreatic abscess
- complex cystic structure with internal debris/septations and echogenic gas bubbles
- vascular pseudoaneurysm
- acute hemorrhage
- venous thrombosis
- associated gastric varices
Etiology
obstructive (obstruction or overdistension of the pancreatic duct)
- gallstones migration (60-80% of cases)
- biliary malformations or pancreatic malformations
- pancreas divisum
- choledochocele
- ampullary tumors or pancreatic tumors
toxic
- exposure to ethanol (alcohol abuse)
- other toxics
- drugs
- azathioprine
- glucocorticoids (15235881, 12911675, 12843925, 12722354)
- cyclosporin-A
- furosemide
- calcium chloride
infectious
- mumps
- cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Epstein-Barr virus
- varicella
- rubeola
- group B coxsackievirus
- enterovirus
- enteric cytopathic human orphan virus (ECHO virus)
- systemic erythematosus lupus (14582568, 12949035)
- overlap syndrome of systemic sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus (16767557)
- polyarteritis nodosa (15693106)
- autoimmune pancreatitis (hyper-IgG4 syndrome) (15549456)
- ulcerative colitis (15235881, 12911675)
metabolic
- hypertriglyceridemia
- hypercalcemia
- MELAS with mitochondrial DNA tRNALeu(UUR) gene mutations (8891562)
- Reye syndrome
trauma
- blunt trauma to the abdomen
- iatrogenic trauma
- postoperative trauma
- endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
vascular abnormalities
- atherosclerotic emboli
- hypoperfusion
- vasculitis
cystic fibrosis
unknown cause (10-25%)
orthotopic liver allograft (9523868)
- emergency liver allograft
- extensive peripancreatic dissection
- pancreatic surgical trauma
- infectious peritonitis
According to age
pediatric acute pancreatitis
