exercise-induced hypoglycemia

Exercise-induced hyperinsulinism (EIHI) is a dominantly inherited hypoglycemic disorder characterized by inappropriate insulin secretion during anaerobic exercise or on pyruvate load.

See also

 beta -cell regulation

Etiology

 promoter-activating mutations in SLC16A1 (monocarboxylate transporter 1)

• increasing expression of SLC16A1 in beta cells
• permitting pyruvate uptake and pyruvate-stimulated insulin release despite ensuing hypoglycemia

The SLC16A1 gene encodes the monocarboxylate transporter1 (MCT1) that mediates the movement of lactate and pyruvate across cell membranes Import and export of these substrates by tissues such as erythrocytes, muscle, intestine, and kidney are ascribed largely to the action of a proton-coupled MCT. SLC16A1 is not usually transcribed in beta cells.

This disease mechanism is based on the failure of cell-specific transcriptional silencing of a gene that is highly expressed in other tissues.

References

 Otonkoski T, Jiao H, Kaminen-Ahola N, Tapia-Paez I, Ullah MS, Parton LE, Schuit F, Quintens R, Sipila I, Mayatepek E, Meissner T, Halestrap AP, Rutter GA, Kere J. Physical exercise-induced hypoglycemia caused by failed silencing of monocarboxylate transporter 1 in pancreatic beta cells. Am J Hum Genet. 2007 Sep;81(3):467-74. PMID: 17701893