Colon and rectum

• PD-1 inhibitor colitis
  17 February 2017

  immune checkpoint inhibitor colitis; Immune checkpoint inhibition-related colitis
  Images
  PD-1 inhibitor colitis mimicking ischemic colitis https://twitter.com/GIPathologyURMC/status/831212111279882241
  See also
  PD-1 inhibitors
  immune checkpoint inhibitors
  colitis
  Open references
  https://esmoopen.bmj.com/content/3/1/e000278

• colorectal wall
  23 December 2016

  See also
  colon
  rectum

• MLH1-deficient colorectal carcinoma
  31 October 2016

  MLH1-associated colorectal carcinoma
  Between 10% and 15% of colorectal carcinomas demonstrate sporadic DNA mismatch-repair protein deficiency as a result of MLH1 promoter methylation and are thought to arise from sessile serrated adenomas (SSA/P), termed the " serrated neoplasia pathway ".
  Although the presence of the BRAF-V600E mutation is indicative of a sporadic cancer, up to 30% to 50% of colorectal carcinomas with MLH1 promoter hypermethylation will lack a BRAF mutation.
  A study (...)

• biomarkers in colorectal carcinoma
  28 October 2016

  biomarkers in CRC / crc cancer
  Examples
  RASs genes testing KRAS testing NRAS testing
  BRAF testing
  PIK3CA testing
  CEA testing in blood
  MSI-H / microsatellite instability high
  MGMT testing

• MLH1-deficient colorectal carcinoma
  28 October 2016

  MLH1-deficient colorectal cancer; MLH1-deficient colorectal adenocarcinoma
  Open references
  MSH3 protein expression and nodal status in MLH1-deficient colorectal cancers.
  Laghi L, Bianchi P, Delconte G, Celesti G, Di Caro G, Pedroni M, Chiaravalli AM, Jung B, Capella C, de Leon MP, Malesci A.
  Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Jun 1;18(11):3142-53.
  doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-0175.
  PMID: #22496206#
  Paywall references
  MLH1-deficient Colorectal Carcinoma With Wild-type BRAF and MLH1 Promoter (...)

• tumor budding in colorectal adenocarcinoma
  10 October 2016

  tumor budding in colorectal cancer
  Definition: Tumor budding is a well-established adverse prognostic factor in colorectal cancer.
  Images
  Recommendations for Reporting Tumor Budding in CRC based on the International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference 2016 at ESPIAP Cologne2016 https://twitter.com/pathologia/status/781235895932510209
  By tumors
  tumor budding in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) Tumor budding is a well-established adverse prognostic factor in colorectal cancer.
  Open (...)

• high-grade colorectal neuroendocrine tumor
  19 September 2016

  High-Grade Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumors
  High-Grade Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumors
  Therapy
  BRAF-V600E Mutations in High-Grade Colorectal Neuroendocrine Tumors May Predict Responsiveness to BRAF-MEK Combination Therapy. (#27048246#)

• high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma arising from a colorectal adenoma
  3 September 2016

  Primary high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma emerging from an adenomatous polyp
  References
  Primary high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma emerging from an adenomatous polyp in the setting of familial adenomatous polyposis. Detweiler CJ, Cardona DM, Hsu DS, McCall SJ. BMJ Case Rep. 2016 Feb 16;2016. doi:10.1136/bcr-2015-214206.
  PMID: #26884076#

• colorectal neuroendocrine tumors
  3 September 2016

  Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Large Intestine
  Open references
  Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Large Intestine: Clinicopathological Features and Predictive Factors of Lymph Node Metastasis.
  Kojima M, Ikeda K, Saito N, Sakuyama N, Koushi K, Kawano S, Watanabe T, Sugihara K, Ito M, Ochiai A.
  Front Oncol. 2016 Jul 18;6:173. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00173. eCollection 2016.
  PMID: #27486567# (...)

• intestinal low-grade tubuloglandular adenocarcinoma
  24 August 2016

  References
  Intestinal low-grade tubuloglandular adenocarcinoma in inflammatory bowel disease. Levi GS, Harpaz N. Am J Surg Pathol. 2006 Aug;30(8):1022-9. PMID: #16861975#

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