pulmonary emphysema
In centrilobular emphysema only the central or proximal portions of the respiratory lobule (respiratory bronchial) is involved. The distal alveoli are spared. It usually involves the upper lobe and is the most common type of emphysema. Associated with smoking and coal dust.
In panacinar emphysema (panlobular emphysema), there is involvement of the complete respiratory lobule (all alveoli are involved of a respiratory lobule). Typically involves the lower zones and anterior margins of the lung. Associated with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (A1AT deficiency).
Types
proximal acinar emphysema (centrilobular emphysema or centriacinar emphysema)
panacinar emphysema (panlobular emphysema)
- alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (alpha1AT deficiency)
distal acinar emphysema
irregular emphysema
localized giant bullous emphysema
Etiology
alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
toxic agents and drugs
- cigarette smoking
- IV drug abuse
- ritalin
- cadmium
constitutional connective tissue disorders
- Marfan syndrome
- Salla disease
- congenital cutis laxa
See also
simple airspace enlargement (nonemphysematous airspace enlargement)
- congenital lobar emphysema
Video
Pulmonary emphysema by Washington Deceit
Physiopathology of the pulmonary emphysema