TGFB superfamily
TGFB proteins (TGFBs) are multifunctional peptides that control proliferation, differentiation, and other functions in many cell types. TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3 all function through the same receptor signaling systems.
Members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) family, which include TGF-betas, activins and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), are potent regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis.
They act through binding to and activating serine/threonine kinase receptors on the cell surface and triggering intracellular signaling pathways in which Smad proteins have essential roles.
Members
TGFB1 coding for TGF-beta1 (19q13.1) (MIM.190180)
TGFB2 coding for TGFTGF-beta2 (MIM.190220)
TGFB3 coding for TGFTGF-beta3 (MIM.190230)
TRNs (TGF-beta-related neurotrophins): NRTN, GDNF
activins
bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)
Pathology (TGF-beta-associated disorders)
vascular diseases
gastrointestinal diseases
gastrointestinal neoplasia
inherited cancer
developmental diseases
References
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Massague J. How cells read TGF-beta signals. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Dec;1(3):169-78. PMID: #11252892#
Border WA, Noble NA. Transforming growth factor beta in tissue fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 1994 Nov 10;331(19):1286-92. PMID: #7935686#
Border WA, Ruoslahti E. Transforming growth factor-beta in disease: the dark side of tissue repair. J Clin Invest. 1992 Jul;90(1):1-7. PMID: #1634602#