BMPs
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Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) make up a family of extracellular signaling molecules that play a critical role in vertebrate development and both inhibit and stimulate growth in cancer cells.
There are at least 20 structurally and functionally related BMPs, which are members of the TGF-beta superfamily. BMPs were originally identified as protein regulators of cartilage and bone formation. They are also involved in embryogenesis and morphogenesis of various tissues and organs.
BMPs regulate the growth, differentiation, chemotaxis and apoptosis of various cell types, including mesenchymal cells, epithelial cells, hematopoietic cells and neuronal cells. Similar to other TGF-beta family proteins, BMPs are highly conserved across animal species.
Members
| BMP1 | BMP2 | BMP3 | BMP4 | BMP5 | BMP6 | BMP7 | BMP8 | BMP9 | BMP10 |
| BMP11 | BMP12 | BMP13 | BMP14 | BMP15 |
Pathology
| Gene | MIM | Disease | MIM |
| BMP15 | MIM.300247 | X-linked hypergonadotropic ovarian failure | MIM.311360 |
See also
BMP signaling pathway
References
Affolter M, Basler K. The Decapentaplegic morphogen gradient: from pattern formation to growth regulation. Nat Rev Genet. 2007 Sep;8(9):663-74. PMID: #17703237#
Hsu MY, Rovinsky S, Penmatcha S, Herlyn M, Muirhead D. Bone morphogenetic proteins in melanoma: angel or devil? Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2005 Jun;24(2):251-63. PMID: #15986135#
Chen D, Zhao M, Mundy GR. Bone morphogenetic proteins. Growth Factors. 2004 Dec;22(4):233-41. PMID: #15621726#
Botchkarev VA, Sharov AA. BMP signaling in the control of skin development and hair follicle growth. Differentiation. 2004 Dec;72(9-10):512-26. PMID: #15617562#
Yoshikawa H, Nakase T, Myoui A, Ueda T. Bone morphogenetic proteins in bone tumors. J Orthop Sci. 2004;9(3):334-40. PMID: #15168194#
Waite KA, Eng C. From developmental disorder to heritable cancer: it’s all in the BMP/TGF-beta family. Nat Rev Genet. 2003 Oct;4(10):763-73. PMID: #14526373#
Reddi AH. BMPs: actions in flesh and bone. Nat Med. 1997 Aug;3(8):837-9. PMID: #9256271#