CDX2
MIM.600297 13q12.3
Cdx2 is a transcriptional regulator important in the early differentiation and maintenance of intestinal epithelium.
CDX2 is a caudal-related homeobox gene encoding a nuclear transcription factor that plays a key role in the development and differentiation of fetal and adult intestinal epithelial cells. Several works have reported that CDX2 is specifically expressed in normal epithelium of small bowel and colorectum and in the great majority of carcinomas arising in these sites.
Pathology
CDX2 is a highly sensitive and specific marker for differentiating colorectal carcinomas from pulmonary tumors and is also helpful for discriminating tumors of different origin along the gastrointestinal tract when used in conjunction with different mucin types.
Aberrant CDX2 expression is commonly seen in intestinal metaplasia occurring in stomach and esophagus.
Different studies reported CDX2 immunostaining also in gastric carcinomas with intestinal-type differentiation, in gastrointestinal carcinoids, in mucinous carcinomas of the ovary and pancreas, and in other intestinal-type adenocarcinomas occurring in different locations. CDX2 expression decreases progressively with the advancing stage of gastric cancers, suggesting a possible tumor suppressor role (#19820687#).
Pathology
ETV6-CDX2 fusion gene by t(12;13)(p12;q12-14) in
- chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in transformation
- myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)
- acute myeloid leukemia (#9920852#)
- acute non lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL)
- B-acute lymphocytic leukemias (B-ALL)
- T-acute lymphocytic leukemias (T-ALL)
CDX2 is mutated in colorectal cancer.
— References
The role of cdx proteins in intestinal development and cancer. Cancer Biol Ther. Guo RJ, Suh ER, Lynch JP. 2004 Jul;3(7):593-601. PMID: #15136761#
CDX2 expression in the intestinal-type gastric epithelial neoplasia: frequency and significance. Park do Y, Srivastava A, Kim GH, Mino-Kenudson M, Deshpande V, Zukerberg LR, Song GA, Lauwers GY. Mod Pathol. 2010 Jan;23(1):54-61. PMID: #19820687#
Comprehensive evaluation of CDX2 in invasive cervical adenocarcinomas: immunopositivity in the absence of overt colorectal morphology. Sullivan LM, Smolkin ME, Frierson HF Jr, Galgano MT. Am J Surg Pathol. 2008 Nov;32(11):1608-12. PMID: #18753946#
Aberrant Cdx2 expression in endometrial lesions with squamous differentiation: important role of Cdx2 in squamous morula formation. Wani Y, Notohara K, Saegusa M, Tsukayama C. Hum Pathol. 2008 Jul;39(7):1072-9. PMID: #18495206#
Expression of CDX2 in benign tissue and adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Herawi M, De Marzo AM, Kristiansen G, Epstein JI. Hum Pathol. 2007 Jan;38(1):72-8. PMID: #16949907#
Value of CDX2, villin, and alpha-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase immunostains in the distinction between primary adenocarcinoma of the bladder and secondary colorectal adenocarcinoma. Suh N, Yang XJ, Tretiakova MS, Humphrey PA, Wang HL. Mod Pathol. 2005 Sep;18(9):1217-22. PMID: #15803184#
Immunohistochemical staining in the diagnosis of pancreatobiliary and ampulla of Vater adenocarcinoma: application of CDX2, CK17, MUC1, and MUC2. Chu PG, Schwarz RE, Lau SK, Yen Y, Weiss LM. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005 Mar;29(3):359-67. PMID: #15725805#
CDX2, a highly sensitive and specific marker of adenocarcinomas of intestinal origin: an immunohistochemical survey of 476 primary and metastatic carcinomas. Werling RW, Yaziji H, Bacchi CE, Gown AM. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003 Mar;27(3):303-10. PMID: #12604886#