mutation

Occurence

 somatic mutation
 constitutional mutation
 mutation in tumors

• oncogenic mutation in tumor

Types

 point mutations
 in-frame mutations

• missense mutations
  • gain-of-glycosylation mutations

 heteroduplexes mutations
 frameshift mutations
 polyglutamine mutations
 protective mutations
 mtDNA mutations
 epimutations
 synonymous mutations
 mice expressing designed gene mutations
 disease-predisposing mutations
 dynamic mutations

Fitness effects of mutations

 neutral mutations

 advantageous mutations

• protective mutations
  • disease-protecting mutations
  • cancer-protecting mutations

 deleterious mutations

• disease-predisposing mutations
  • mutations of disease genes

• cancer-predisposing mutations
  • mutations of cancer genes

• malformation-predisposing mutations
  • mutations of malformation genes

See also

 mutation databases
 mutation rate
 distribution of fitness effects (DFE) of mutations

References

 Baer CF, Miyamoto MM, Denver DR. Mutation rate variation in multicellular eukaryotes: causes and consequences. Nat Rev Genet. 2007 Aug;8(8):619-31. PMID: 17637734