Panton-Valentine leukocidin

The Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a pore-forming toxin secreted by strains epidemiologically associated with the current outbreak of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) and with the often-lethal necrotizing pneumonia.

Pathology

 severe cutaneous infections

• furonculosis (15116291)
• necrotic furoncles
• deep-seated follicular infection (15668860)
• widespread cutaneous infection (15131173)

 severe soft-tissue infections (15131173)

• necrotizing cellulitis
• necrotizing fasciitis (15814880)

 Staphylococcus aureus severe pulmonary infections (17234914, 17366043, 16421487, 15378445, 12814021, 11888586)

• highly lethal severe pneumonia
• fatal necrotizing pneumonia
• fatal hemorrhagic pneumonia

 bone and joint staphylococcal infections

• staphylococcal osteomyelitis
• staphylococcal osteoarthritis
• staphylococcal arthritis

 Staphylococcus aureus systemic infections

• fulminant Staphylococcus aureus infections (PVL Syndrome) (17040363, 15907553)
• purpura fulminans (15824983)

 severe Staphylococcus aureus infections

• mycotic aneurysm (16933824)
• purulent pericarditis (16933824)
• community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA)
  • USA300 community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
  • bacterial endocarditis after furunculosis (16857620)
  • urinary tract infections

References

 Hyvernat H, Pulcini C, Carles D, Roques A, Lucas P, Hofman V, Hofman P, Bernardin G. Fatal Staphylococcus aureus haemorrhagic pneumonia producing Panton-Valentine leucocidin. Scand J Infect Dis. 2007;39(2):183-5. PMID: 17366043

 Labandeira-Rey M, Couzon F, Boisset S, Brown EL, Bes M, Benito Y, Barbu EM, Vazquez V, Hook M, Etienne J, Vandenesch F, Bowden MG. Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin causes necrotizing pneumonia. Science. 2007 Feb 23;315(5815):1130-3. PMID: 17234914

 Gillet Y, Issartel B, Vanhems P, Fournet JC, Lina G, Bes M, Vandenesch F, Piemont Y, Brousse N, Floret D, Etienne J. Association between Staphylococcus aureus strains carrying gene for Panton-Valentine leukocidin and highly lethal necrotising pneumonia in young immunocompetent patients. Lancet. 2002 Mar 2;359(9308):753-9. PMID: 11888586

 Gillet Y, Issartel B, Vanhems P, Lina G, Vandenesch F, Etienne J, Floret D. [Severe staphylococcal pneumonia in children] Arch Pediatr. 2001 Sep;8 Suppl 4:742s-746s. PMID: 11582921 (In french)

 Lina G, Piemont Y, Godail-Gamot F, Bes M, Peter MO, Gauduchon V, Vandenesch F, Etienne J. Involvement of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus in primary skin infections and pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis. 1999 Nov;29(5):1128-32. PMID: 10524952

 Finck-Barbancon V, Duportail G, Meunier O, Colin DA. Pore formation by a two-component leukocidin from Staphylococcus aureus within the membrane of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Oct 20;1182(3):275-82. PMID: 8399361

 Cribier B, Prevost G, Couppie P, Finck-Barbancon V, Grosshans E, Piemont Y. Staphylococcus aureus leukocidin: a new virulence factor in cutaneous infections? An epidemiological and experimental study. Dermatology. 1992;185(3):175-80. PMID: 1446082