ovarian cysts

Definition: An ovarian cyst is any collection of fluid, surrounded by a very thin wall, within an ovary.

Most ovarian cysts are functional in nature and harmless (benign). In the US, ovarian cysts are found in nearly all premenopausal women, and in up to 14.8% of postmenopausal women.

Images

 polycystic ovary

• https://twitter.com/RhondaYantiss/status/840977594338201600

Types

 ovarian functional cysts

• ovarian luteinic cyst
• ovarian follicular cyst (ovarian functional cyst )
  • Any ovarian follicle that is larger than about two centimeters is termed an ovarian follicular cyst.
  • Some ovarian cysts cause problems, such as bleeding and pain.
  • Surgery may be required to remove cysts larger than 5 centimeters in diameter.

 ovarian non-functional cysts

• epithelial inclusion cyst
• ovarian endometriotic cyst (or chocolate cyst of ovary, endometrioma, endometrioid cyst, endometrial cyst).
  • It is caused by endometriosis.
  • It formed when a tiny patch of endometrial tissue (the mucous membrane that makes up the inner layer of the uterine wall) bleeds, sloughs off, becomes transplanted, and grows and enlarges inside the ovaries.

 ovarian cystic epithelial tumors

• ovarian serous cystadenoma
• ovarian mucinous cystadenoma

 cystic ovarian germ cell tumors

• cystic ovarian teratoma
  • ovarian dermoid cyst

Classification

 non-neoplastic ovarian cysts and functional ovarian cysts

• follicular cyst (cysic follicle )
• multiple luteinized follicular cysts (theca-lutein cysts ; hyperreactio luteinalis )
• large solitary luteinized follicular cyst
• corpus luteum cysts
• polycystic ovaries (sclerocystic ovaries )

 ovarian cystic tumors

• ovarian serous cystadenoma
• ovarian mucinous cystadenoma
• cystic ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor
• cystic ovarian teratoma
  • ovarian dermoid cyst
  • cystic struma ovarii

 ovarian inclusion cysts

• surface epithelial inclusion cysts

 developmental cysts

• hydatids of Morgagni
• parovarian cysts and paratubal cysts

 cysts of the rete ovarii
 ovarian epidermoid cysts
 ovarian endometriotic cyst

According to the lining cells

 granulosa and theca layers: luteinic cyst
 nonluteinized granulosa cells: follicular cyst
 luteinized granulosa cells: luteinic cyst
 ciliated cylindric epithelial cells: serous cystadenoma
 mucinous cylindric epithelial cells: mucinous cystadenoma

Miscellaneous

 hemorrhagic ovarian cysts

• ovarian endometriotic cyst
• hemorrhagic corpus luteum cysts

See also

 ovarian cysts in childhood
 cysts / cystic anomalies / cystic lesions
 cystic tumors