Home > E. Pathology by systems > Genital system > Fetus and annexes > Embryo and fetus > intra-uterine growth retardation
intra-uterine growth retardation
Tuesday 14 December 2004
Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is caused by maternal, fetal or placental factors that result in impaired endovascular trophoblast invasion and reduced placental perfusion. Although various causes of intrauterine growth retardation have been identified, most cases remain unexplained.
Type
harmonious IUGR (symetrical IUGR)
dysharmonious IUGR (assymetrical IUGR)
- relative macrocephaly
Etiology (exemples)
placental insufficiency
maternal smoking
IGF1 resistance
3-M syndrome (MIM.273750) (CUL7 mutations)
References:
Vogt Isaksen C. Maternal smoking, intrauterine growth restriction, and placental apoptosis. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2004 Sep-Oct;7(5):433-42. PMID: 15568214