Thyroid gland

• encapsulated carcinoma of follicular cell origin
  13 March 2016

  Definition: Encapsulated carcinomas of follicular cell origin include an encapsulated/well-circumscribed (E/WC) follicular variant of papillary carcinoma (FV-PTC) and encapsulated follicular and Hurthle cell carcinoma (EFTC, EHTC respectively).
  FVPTC usually presents as an E/WC tumor and less commonly as an infiltrative neoplasm. E/WC FVPTC rarely metastasizes to lymph nodes, whereas infiltrative tumors often present with cervical nodal metastases.
  Many studies revealed FVPTC in general (...)

• encapsulated papillary thyroid carcinoma
  13 March 2016

  EPTC
  Definition: Encapsulated papillary thyroid carcinoma (EPTC) can have a histologic growth pattern similar to the one seen in classical papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) or akin to the follicular variant of PTC (FVPTC). E-CPTC resembles classical PTC in its propensity to metastasize to lymph nodes and its vascular/capsular invasive pattern while E-FVPTC behaves more like follicular carcinoma/adenoma group of tumors.
  Meticulous search for capsular and vascular invasion can reliably (...)

• thyroid papillary microcarcinoma
  13 March 2016

  References
  Prognostic factors in papillary microcarcinoma with emphasis on histologic subtyping: a clinicopathologic study of 148 cases. Ghossein R, Ganly I, Biagini A, Robenshtok E, Rivera M, Tuttle RM. Thyroid. 2014 Feb;24(2):245-53. doi:10.1089/thy.2012.0645 . PMID: #23745671#

• Pseudo-papillary dystrophic nuclear modifications
  7 January 2016

  Etiology
  focal/nodular solid cell nest of the thyroid gland medullary thyroid microcarcinoma focal fibrosing thyroiditis papillary microcarcinoma
  diffuse Hashimoto thyroiditis other thyroiditis
  See also
  thyroid anomalies

• focal fibrosing thyroiditis
  7 January 2016

  FFT
  focal fibrosing thyroiditis (FFT)
  Synopsis
  stellate thyroid scar with entrapped follicles within fibrosis
  At junction between normal and pathological areas, the inflammatory fibrosis can contain dystrophic follicles, without typical papillary nuclear features.

• widely invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma
  5 November 2015

  WI-FTC
  A diameter greater than 4.0 cm, the presence of vascular invasion, the TNM stage III-IVA, and the high risk at AMES system risk stratification were independent factors significantly related to the presence of a WI-FTC.
  The only independent predictor of recurrence and disease-free survival at 10-year follow-up was a tumor size greater than 4.0 cm.
  More attention must be paid in the postoperative tumor re-staging of those patients with tumor size larger than 4.0 cm, which was the (...)

• minimally invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma
  5 November 2015

  MI-FTC
  Prognosis
  MI-FTC should not be considered a purely indolent disease.
  Age at diagnosis and the existence of combined capsular and vascular invasion were identified as important prognostic factors. (#26858184#)
  Open references
  Minimally invasive follicular thyroid carcinomas: prognostic factors. Stenson G, Nilsson IL, Mu N, Larsson C, Lundgren CI, Juhlin CC, Höög A, Zedenius J. Endocrine. 2016 Aug;53(2):505-11. doi:10.1007/s12020-016-0876-y. PMID: #26858184# Free
  Prognostic (...)

• ALK-associated papillary thyroid carcinoma
  17 December 2014

  ALK-related papillary thyroid carcinoma; ALK-translocated papillary thyroid carcinoma
  Pathogenic ALK translocations have been reported in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). 2.2% of PTCs are ALK-translocated and can be identified by screening IHC followed by FISH. (#25501013#)
  In a study (#25501013#), all 14 patients with ALK translocations were female (P=0.0425), and translocations occurred at a younger age (mean 38 vs. 48 y, P=0.0289 in unselected patients).
  ALK translocation is an (...)

• follicular lesions of undetermined significance
  27 August 2014

  In 2010, the British Thyroid Association proposed a 5- to 8-tiered terminology, and the US National Cancer Institute published the Bethesda System For Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) with 6 categories:
  benign;
  follicular lesion of undetermined significance/atypia of undetermined significance (FLUS/AUS);
  follicular neoplasm/follicular neoplasm Hürthle-cell variant;
  suspicious for malignancy;
  malignant;
  nondiagnostic (unsatisfactory).
  The BSRTC is the only system that (...)

• thyroid adenomatoid nodule
  1 September 2013

  Adenomatoid nodules
  Cytology
  Papanicolaou society
  References
  Adenomatoid nodules are the main cause for discrepant histology in 234 thyroid fine-needle aspirates reported as follicular neoplasm. Schreiner AM, Yang GC. Diagn Cytopathol. 2012 May;40(5):375-9. doi: 10.1002/dc.21499 . PMID: #22508673#
  Incidence of malignancy in thyroid nodules determined to be follicular lesions of undetermined significance on fine-needle aspiration. Teixeira GV, Chikota H, Teixeira T, Manfro G, Pai SI, (...)

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