excessively long umbilical cord

See also

 neonatal morbidity
 neonatal mortality
 umbilical cords of abnormal length
 excessively long umbilical cords (ELUCs)

Associations (11178630)

 maternal conditions

• systemic diseases
• delivery complications
• increased maternal age

 fetal conditions

• non-reassuring fetal status
• respiratory distress
• vertex presentation
• umbilical cord entanglement
• fetal anomalies
• male sex
• increased birth weight

 gross placental features

• increased placental weight
• right-twisted cords
• markedly twisted cords
• true knots
• congestion

 microscopic placental features

• nucleated red blood cells
• chorangiosis
• placental vascular thrombi
• placental vascular cushions
• meconium
• increased syncytial knots
• single umbilical artery

 significantly increased risk of brain imaging abnormalities and/or abnormal neurological follow-up

 increased risk of a second long cord.

(Some of these histopathologic features have previously been associated with fetal hypoxia and/or altered blood flow in the placenta.)

See also

 Umbilical cord

References

 Baergen RN, Malicki D, Behling C, Benirschke K. Morbidity, mortality, and placental pathology in excessively long umbilical cords: retrospective study. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2001 Mar-Apr;4(2):144-53. PMID: 11178630