placental mesenchymal dysplasia

Definition: Placental mesenchymal dysplasia is a rare human placental disorder in which the placenta is enlarged and contains cystic villi and dilated vasculature. In contrast to a partial mole, mesenchymal dysplasia may coexist with a normal fetus.

Images

 Placental mesenchymal dysplasia

• https://twitter.com/HenryTranMD/status/862080157665951744

Synopsis

 placenta enlarged with abnormal, large, and often cystic villi
 placental dilated and/or thick-walled vessels
 large, hydropic stem villi
 myxomatous stroma
 cistern formation
 vascular proliferation / ’chorangiomatoid’ changes

Etiology

 normal karyotype (89%) (15791673)
 abnormal karyotype (11%) (15791673)

• trisomy 13
• Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY)
• 69,XXX triploidy

 Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) (23%) (15791673)

Differential diagnosis

 partial hydatidiform mole

• In contrast to a partial mole, it can coexist with a fully viable fetus.

Associations

 Fetal anatomical and vascular anomalies

• hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma (mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver) (17378624)

References

 Francis B, Hallam L, Kecskes Z, Ellwood D, Croaker D, Kent A. Placental mesenchymal dysplasia associated with hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma in the newborn. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2007 Jan-Feb;10(1):50-4. PMID: 17378624

 Cohen MC, Roper EC, Sebire NJ, Stanek J, Anumba DO. Placental mesenchymal dysplasia associated with fetal aneuploidy. Prenat Diagn. 2005 Mar;25(3):187-92. PMID: 15791673